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  • Potential Benefits of Subaqueous Soil Data on Department of Defense Installations

    Purpose: Many domestic and international US Department of Defense (DoD) installations are located in coastal areas. Recent advances in the classification and mapping of subaqueous soils, which occur in shallow freshwater and marine environments, has the potential to benefit US military operations in several different ways. This technical note communicates the importance of subaqueous soil classification and describes how subaqueous soil information can inform the management of natural resources, infrastructure and transportation, mitigation of coastal storm risk, protection of the coast from natural threats, and the understanding of nearshore environments in the US and abroad.

  • Beneficial Use of Dredged Material for Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Habitats: Overcoming Challenges and Seeking New Opportunities

    Purpose: There is a critical need to maintain and create conditions that are conducive for long-term survival of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitats, which provide multiple ecosystem services, using dredged material. This technical note (TN) was developed by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)–Environmental Laboratory (EL) to address the specific challenges US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) practitioners at the district and division level face that impede the development of beneficial use of dredged material (BUDM) projects to restore, conserve, and expand SAV habitats. Different ways to overcome these challenges and opportunities that should be further explored are also addressed. The information in this TN was synthesized from discussions at a virtual workshop for USACE practitioners.

  • Mediated Model Development for Coastal Marsh Management in the Chesapeake Bay

    Purpose: The purpose of this technical note is to develop a conceptual model that describes the critical processes, stressors, and interactions that affect coastal marsh dynamics within the Chesapeake Bay, as identified by subject matter experts, and then link those factors to specific management actions. Managing coastal marshes within Chesapeake Bay involves multiple stakeholders across federal, state, local, and nongovernmental agencies. Reaching consensus among large stakeholder groups can be difficult, since each has their own perspective and requirements for management. Mediated modeling is a technique that facilitates consensus building among stakeholders and provides a transparent roadmap for decision-making. This technical note describes how mediated modeling was applied to marsh management in Chesapeake Bay. On 4–5 May 2022, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) Integrated Ecological Modeling Team (EcoMod) partnered for a multistakeholder mediated modeling workshop to (1) build a conceptual model that depicts the relevant processes impacting marsh dynamics, and (2) identify indicators that are necessary for tracking marsh conditions, which inform needed management strategies. This conceptual model provides the foundation for the development of a marsh management decision framework that will use indicators to identify marsh conditions that subsequently trigger management decisions.

  • Engineering With Nature: Natural Infrastructure for Mission Readiness at U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Installations

    Abstract: This book illustrates some of the current challenges and hazards experienced by military installations, and the content highlights activities at eight U.S. Navy and Marine Corps military installations to achieve increased resilience through natural infrastructure.

  • Applying the Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) Framework: Meramec Case Study

    Abstract: This technical report explores ecosystem goods and services (EGS) assessment to support US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) decision-making by applying the recently published proposed EGS framework (Wainger et al. 2020) to a case study. A joint effort of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and USACE, the Meramec River Basin Ecosystem Restoration Feasibility Study provides an opportunity to investigate the practicality of EGS analysis and how it might determine complementarity or antagonism among study partner goals. The EPA seeks primarily to protect human health, while USACE aims to restore aquatic ecosystems. Subjected to elevated heavy metals from upstream mining, altered hydrology, and other degrading factors, the river system nevertheless supports high aquatic biodiversity and numerous rare species. The project team developed an EGS conceptual model to document the potential ecological features and processes changes, ecological outcomes, and social benefits or harms of proposed management actions. Nonmonetary EGS benefit indicators illustrated concordance of the project goals with national restoration priorities. Overall, this initial analysis indicates that EGS analysis is feasible with the types of models and data available for the project, promotes explicit analysis of synergies and conflicts, and helps communicate effects and trade-offs during planning.

  • Incorporating Ecosystem Goods and Services (EGS) into US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Project Planning: A Retrospective Analysis

    Abstract: Ecosystem goods and services (EGS) have been promoted as a way to effectively examine trade-offs and improve communication of project-related environmental outcomes in terms of human well-being. Notably, EGS provide a construct that seems capable of enhancing the capacity to communicate with stakeholders about how ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation activities can affect them—and in ways that are more meaningful to the public than the habitat metrics currently employed. The concept of EGS is not new to the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Civil Works Program. This document presents a review of past attempts to apply EGS assessment techniques in the context of USACE project planning and then identifies obstacles met in those efforts that could be avoided in the future. This report is not intended to showcase approaches to consider EGS in planning studies. Rather, this paper uses case studies to illustrate the challenges of considering ecosystem services in the context of planning studies. These challenges will need to be addressed in any future applications of EGS assessments to USACE Civil Works Program decision-making.

  • Improving Aquatic Placement Practices for Beneficial Use of Dredged Material in the Great Lakes

    Abstract: The Great Lakes Navigation System is an economically critical waterway. To maintain safe and navigable waterways, approximately 3–5 million yd3 (2.3–3.8 million m3) of sediments are dredged annually. The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and others now recognize that beneficial use of these sediments can achieve positive economic, environmental, and social outcomes. However, historically less than 25% of dredged sediments have been beneficially used in the nearshore environment. Improvements are needed in dredged material management practices in the Great Lakes to achieve the goal of using 70% of dredged sediments beneficially by 2030. Therefore, to overcome these challenges this report reviews beneficial use of dredged material projects with the goal of improving and in-creasing beneficial-use-placement practices in the Great Lakes. Identified needs to advance beneficial-use placement in the Great Lakes include the following: (1) improved modeling of sediment-placement methods; (2) better documentation regarding the cost, benefits, and drawbacks of various placement methods; (3) demonstration of some sediment-placement techniques used successfully in other coastal environments; and (4) monitoring before and after conditions, particularly for sediments that contain greater than 10% fines. Several demonstration projects should be implemented to obtain information addressing the data gaps.

  • Pollinator Garden Playbook: Supporting the Western North American Population of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and the Endangered Smith’s Blue Butterfly (Euphilotes enoptes smithi) on Military Lands

    Abstract: The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center–Environmental Lab (ERDC-EL) researchers assisted the US Army Garrison Presidio of Monterey in 2021 to assess the feasibility of pollinator gardens at select locations in Monterey, California. The proposed pollinator gardens were to be designed to support the western population of the North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), the federally endangered Smith’s blue butterfly (Euphilotes enoptes smithi), and other pollinators found in the Monterey area. This technical report documents planning and design considerations for these pollinator gardens situated on the grounds of the Presidio of Monterey (POM) and the Ord Military Community (OMC). Site preparations, recommended plant species, garden designs, installation methods, and invasive species management are discussed. The contents herein can be used as a general playbook for similar pollinator habitat improvement projects on military lands.

  • Next-Generation Water Quality Monitoring during Dredging Operations: Knowns, Unknowns, and Path Forward

    Abstract: Water quality monitoring data are routinely collected during dredging and placement operations to address various state and federal requirements, including water quality standards, with the intention of protecting ecosystem health. However, such efforts may be limited by the lack of a standardized national strategic focus and user-friendly streamlined interfaces to interpret the data. Inconsistencies in how and what data are collected and lack of consensus on scientifically backed biological-effects thresholds make it difficult to quantify potential dredging operations impacts (or lack thereof) both within individual projects over time and across multiple projects of differing characteristics. Summarized herein is an initial effort to define a scientifically backed path forward to improve the value of current and future water quality monitoring and management decisions based on water quality data collected. The provided turbidity data were generally below applicable state thresholds for two case studies but for a third case study did periodically exceed thresholds at depth. This includes providing rationale for strategic focus on the most relevant dredging operations and projects, based on three general site-specific data categorizations: (1) sediment type, (2) dredge type, and (3) ecosystem type.

  • Reservoir Sediment Deltas of the Southwestern United States: Challenges and Opportunities for Riparian Vegetation Management

    Purpose: This technical note summarizes methods used to identify 58 reservoir sediment deltas in the Southwestern United States and California, behind 47 different dams, with potential regional importance as breeding or migratory stopover habitat for three species of riparian vegetation–dependent birds listed under the Endangered Species Act[1]: least Bell’s vireo (LBVI) (Vireo bellii pusillus), southwest willow flycatcher (SWFL) (Empidonax traillii extimus), and yellow-billed cuckoo (YBCU) (Coccyzus americanus). Information on inflow streams, drainage area, and management authority are provided for each delta. This technical note recommends follow-up research on the temporal dynamics of vegetation colonization, growth, and mortality on these deltas to explore the potential value of these geographically widespread hydrogeomorphic features on arid-land rivers for the conservation of riparian vegetation–dependent birds.